{
    "id": 2505,
    "date": "2021-06-01T07:18:45",
    "date_gmt": "2021-06-01T07:18:45",
    "guid": {
        "rendered": "https:\/\/fclatbz2dc.wpdns.site\/?p=2505"
    },
    "modified": "2024-01-22T01:34:03",
    "modified_gmt": "2024-01-22T01:34:03",
    "slug": "common-knowledge-about-laser-welding",
    "status": "publish",
    "type": "post",
    "link": "https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/vi\/common-knowledge-about-laser-welding\/",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chung v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n laser"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "<p class=\"yoast-reading-time__wrapper\"><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__icon\"><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__descriptive-text\">Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh:  <\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__reading-time\">27<\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__time-unit\"> ph\u00fat<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n laser l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00f9m tia laser m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. V\u1ec1 h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00ec l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u00e0n laser \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n,\u2026 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laze l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Sau khi l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c g\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,01mm v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 10<sup>12<\/sup>W \/ m<sup>2<\/sup> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n, c\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-principle-and-classification-of-laser-welding\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n laser<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-principle-of-laser-welding\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd h\u00e0n Laser<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0n laser l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng laser (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm) l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f4i. H\u00e0n laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tia laser c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c cao, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng laser t\u1eadp trung cao t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u00e0m cho m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n laser, tia laser chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n h\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n h\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 10<sup>7<\/sup>~10<sup>8<\/sup>NS<sup>-1<\/sup>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i, tia laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 0,01-0. 1 \u0447m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a CO<sub>2<\/sub> laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 3.1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n tia laser \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u00e0n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c ba chi\u1ec1u (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 CNC); m\u1ea3nh gia c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia laze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.1-Schematic-diagram-of-the-working-principle-of-CO2-laser.jpg\" alt=\"Schematic diagram of the working principle of CO2 laser\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2508\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.1-Schematic-diagram-of-the-working-principle-of-CO2-laser.jpg 800w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.1-Schematic-diagram-of-the-working-principle-of-CO2-laser-500x183.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.1-Schematic-diagram-of-the-working-principle-of-CO2-laser-700x256.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.1-Schematic-diagram-of-the-working-principle-of-CO2-laser-300x110.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.1-Schematic-diagram-of-the-working-principle-of-CO2-laser-768x280.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a CO<sub>2<\/sub> tia laze<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laze l\u00e0 c\u00e1c photon b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i, v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i bay h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laser tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Khi s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laze \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u00e9c t\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4t\u00f4n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00ealectron. Sau khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laze, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba phonon. C\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch th\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng sau m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c, laser c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng cao (c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 photon), t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n laser, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn (kho\u1ea3ng 10<sup>-9<\/sup>NS). Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu tia laze c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sang v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laser c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng laser, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t laser. N\u00f3i chung, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi laze t\u0103ng khi t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng khi t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n laser bao g\u1ed3m CO<sub>2<\/sub> tia laze, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/product\/handheld-fiber-laser-welding-machine-1500w-for-metal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laser YAG<\/a>, laser b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 laser s\u1ee3i quang. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i laser sau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0n: Laser tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn YAG (Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet v\u1edbi Nd<sup>3+<\/sup>, Vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 YAG); CO<sub>2<\/sub> tia laser kh\u00ed; laser s\u1ee3i quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n laser, ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia di chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Do \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u1ed1c theo m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n ph\u00eda sau l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 3.2. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (xo\u00e1y ch\u00ednh). Sau \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng ph\u00eda sau l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"297\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.2-Schematic-diagram-of-small-holes-and-molten-metal-flow.jpg\" alt=\"Schematic diagram of small holes and molten metal flow\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2509\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.2-Schematic-diagram-of-small-holes-and-molten-metal-flow.jpg 800w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.2-Schematic-diagram-of-small-holes-and-molten-metal-flow-500x186.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.2-Schematic-diagram-of-small-holes-and-molten-metal-flow-700x260.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.2-Schematic-diagram-of-small-holes-and-molten-metal-flow-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.2-Schematic-diagram-of-small-holes-and-molten-metal-flow-768x285.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.2 Gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-laser-welding-classification\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n laser<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tia laser l\u00ean ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a tia laser, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u00e0n laser li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u00e0n laser xung. H\u00e0n laser li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0n laser xung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 xung, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i xung laser t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n tr\u00f2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laser. Theo m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i sau khi l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng laser, h\u00e0n laser th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 10<sup>5<\/sup>W \/ cm<sup>2<\/sup>) v\u00e0 h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0n l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 10<sup>6<\/sup>W \/ cm<sup>2<\/sup>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-laser-thermal-welding-heat-transfer-welding\">H\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t laser (h\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t laser th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 laser l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tan ch\u1ea3y kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, giao di\u1ec7n l\u1ecfng-r\u1eafn di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c vonfram. Trong h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang argon (TIG), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng laser, truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00f3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n sau khi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ecnh 3.3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng laser. Khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m laser nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 10<sup>5<\/sup>W \/ cm<sup>2<\/sup>, tia laser l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i. Khi h\u00e0n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, sau \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. v\u00f9ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau khi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.3-Schematic-diagram-of-the-melting-process-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2510\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.3-Schematic-diagram-of-the-melting-process-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding.png 800w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.3-Schematic-diagram-of-the-melting-process-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-300x69.png 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.3-Schematic-diagram-of-the-melting-process-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-768x178.png 768w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.3-Schematic-diagram-of-the-melting-process-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-18x4.png 18w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.3-Schematic-diagram-of-the-melting-process-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-600x139.png 600w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.3-Schematic-diagram-of-the-melting-process-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-150x35.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.3 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng laser <br>1-Laser ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng 2-V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf B\u1ec3 b\u01a1i 3 l\u1ea7n 4-Chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng laser, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng laser l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c khu\u1ea5y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, do \u0111\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng trong v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea3y theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh . V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ed7 kim trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng laser, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng laser v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sme.org\/technologies\/articles\/2019\/october\/traditional-versus-laser-welding\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> h\u00e0n x\u00ec<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 3.4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.4-Comparison-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-and-deep-penetration-welding.png\" alt=\"Comparison of laser thermal conduction welding and deep penetration welding\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2511\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.4-Comparison-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-and-deep-penetration-welding.png 800w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.4-Comparison-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-and-deep-penetration-welding-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.4-Comparison-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-and-deep-penetration-welding-768x462.png 768w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.4-Comparison-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-and-deep-penetration-welding-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.4-Comparison-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-and-deep-penetration-welding-600x361.png 600w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.4-Comparison-of-laser-thermal-conduction-welding-and-deep-penetration-welding-150x90.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.4 So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng laser v\u00e0 h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng laser, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f4i b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m laser nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tia laser b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia laser th\u1ea5p, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u h\u00e0n n\u00f4ng, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n ch\u1eadm. H\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u03b4 &lt;1mm) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, v\u1ecf pin, linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n laser c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n laser. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m laser nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 10<sup>5<\/sup>W \/ cm<sup>2<\/sup>, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-laser-deep-penetration-welding-small-hole-welding\">H\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng laser (h\u00e0n l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0n l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n ch\u00f9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ch\u00f9m tia laze m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00f9m tia laser xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia laser M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd xuy\u00ean qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n). Trong h\u00e0n laser li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0n v\u1edbi ch\u00f9m tia so v\u1edbi ph\u00f4i. Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 sau khi kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng ch\u1ea3y quanh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf ra ph\u00eda sau, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00f9m tia laser c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u1eadt h\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t laser \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ecfng, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do h\u00e0n laser s\u1ebd xuy\u00ean qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tia laser. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0n hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ed7 kim b\u1eb1ng laser b\u1ea3n m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ecnh 3.5 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia laze v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi kim lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7u l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, trong khi h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia laze, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eaft b\u1ecf xi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf. Trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gradient \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xung quanh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gradient \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thi\u00eau k\u1ebft ch\u1ea3y d\u1ecdc theo ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau. Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp xung quanh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea3y quanh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra ph\u00eda sau, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laser c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n chia. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, d\u00f9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf pha r\u1eafn hay pha l\u1ecfng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laser ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eadm khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh plasma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia laser c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng laser, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 plasma v\u00e0 laser nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"596\" height=\"346\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.5-Heating-phenomenon-of-laser-beams-with-different-power-densities.png\" alt=\"Heating phenomenon of laser beams with different power densities\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2512\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.5-Heating-phenomenon-of-laser-beams-with-different-power-densities.png 596w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.5-Heating-phenomenon-of-laser-beams-with-different-power-densities-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.5-Heating-phenomenon-of-laser-beams-with-different-power-densities-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.5-Heating-phenomenon-of-laser-beams-with-different-power-densities-150x87.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 596px) 100vw, 596px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.5 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia laze c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau <br>1-\u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y plasma 2 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y 3 l\u1ed7 kh\u00f3a 4-\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a tia laser s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng laser, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa plasma v\u00e0 tia laser v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ed7 kim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ecnh 3.6 cho th\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tia laser trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n laser d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t laser. Khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t laser l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00f3a h\u01a1i (10<sup>6<\/sup>W \/ cm<sup>2<\/sup>), h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 R \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p do t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 laser c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"583\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.6-The-reflectivity-of-the-material-to-the-beam-varies-with-the-laser-power-density.png\" alt=\"The reflectivity of the material to the beam varies with the laser power density\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2514\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.6-The-reflectivity-of-the-material-to-the-beam-varies-with-the-laser-power-density.png 583w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.6-The-reflectivity-of-the-material-to-the-beam-varies-with-the-laser-power-density-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.6-The-reflectivity-of-the-material-to-the-beam-varies-with-the-laser-power-density-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.6-The-reflectivity-of-the-material-to-the-beam-varies-with-the-laser-power-density-150x103.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.6 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00f9m tia thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t laser<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-small-hole-effect\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng laser c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0n l\u1ed7 kh\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng laser, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng tia laser v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ed7 kh\u00f3a. Ch\u00f9m tia laze c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u00e2u v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khung h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m laser \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn (&gt; 10<sup>6<\/sup>W \/ cm<sup>2<\/sup>), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb nung n\u00f3ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia laze, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn (10<sup>-8<\/sup>~10<sup>-6<\/sup>s), \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i. H\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u0169ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u01a1i tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung l\u00ean kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, l\u00e0m cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0169ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ebft laser. Khi tia laze ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1y l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i sinh ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u00e9p kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y l\u1ed7 l\u00e0m l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc bay ra kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed7 \u00e9p kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 3.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.7-Schematic-diagram-of-the-small-hole-mechanism-of-laser-deep-penetration-welding-energy-transfer.png\" alt=\"Schematic diagram of the small hole mechanism of laser deep penetration welding energy transfer\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2515\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.7-Schematic-diagram-of-the-small-hole-mechanism-of-laser-deep-penetration-welding-energy-transfer.png 630w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.7-Schematic-diagram-of-the-small-hole-mechanism-of-laser-deep-penetration-welding-energy-transfer-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.7-Schematic-diagram-of-the-small-hole-mechanism-of-laser-deep-penetration-welding-energy-transfer-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.7-Schematic-diagram-of-the-small-hole-mechanism-of-laser-deep-penetration-welding-energy-transfer-600x389.png 600w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Figure-3.7-Schematic-diagram-of-the-small-hole-mechanism-of-laser-deep-penetration-welding-energy-transfer-150x97.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.7 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng laser<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i do n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f9m tia laze t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u n\u1eefa, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf) .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ed7 kim c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n. Khi l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, khi ch\u00f9m tia laze \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb th\u00e0nh b\u00ean h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh b\u00ean. \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 3.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img class=\"wd-lazy-fade\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.8-Focusing-effect-on-the-sidewall-of-the-small-hole-1.jpg\" alt=\"Focusing effect on the sidewall of the small hole\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.8-Focusing-effect-on-the-sidewall-of-the-small-hole-1.jpg 250w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.8-Focusing-effect-on-the-sidewall-of-the-small-hole-1-130x300.jpg 130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.8 Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh b\u00ean, ch\u00f9m tia laze v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf. k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1m, l\u00e0m cho l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf Chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi tia laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng laser suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u0103ng n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u00e2u v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p l\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, th\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i dao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n \u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng theo s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh [H\u00ecnh 3.9 (a)]. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 va ch\u1ea1m n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd bay h\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh do s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia laze m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh sau, g\u00e2y ra dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. S\u1ef1 tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vonfram c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 0,1 ~ 0,4mm v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 tia X, nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 3.9 (b). Trong b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y quay v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c khu\u1ea5y m\u1ea1nh. H\u00ecnh 3.8 Th\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf r\u01a1i nhanh xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 0,4m \/ s. Khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00eda sau l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf do d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng vonfram c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 0,2 ~ 0,3m \/ s, nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vonfram v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng trong b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u1edd d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u01a1i trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00fat v\u00e0o b\u1edfi xung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ion h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh plasma t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Lu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t nhanh (g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. S\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"778\" height=\"302\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.9-The-local-evaporation-of-the-front-wall-of-the-small-hole-and-the-trajectory-of-tungsten-particles-in-the-molten-pool.png\" alt=\"The local evaporation of the front wall of the small hole and the trajectory of tungsten particles in the molten pool\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2545\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.9-The-local-evaporation-of-the-front-wall-of-the-small-hole-and-the-trajectory-of-tungsten-particles-in-the-molten-pool.png 778w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.9-The-local-evaporation-of-the-front-wall-of-the-small-hole-and-the-trajectory-of-tungsten-particles-in-the-molten-pool-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.9-The-local-evaporation-of-the-front-wall-of-the-small-hole-and-the-trajectory-of-tungsten-particles-in-the-molten-pool-768x298.png 768w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.9-The-local-evaporation-of-the-front-wall-of-the-small-hole-and-the-trajectory-of-tungsten-particles-in-the-molten-pool-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.9-The-local-evaporation-of-the-front-wall-of-the-small-hole-and-the-trajectory-of-tungsten-particles-in-the-molten-pool-600x233.png 600w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.9-The-local-evaporation-of-the-front-wall-of-the-small-hole-and-the-trajectory-of-tungsten-particles-in-the-molten-pool-150x58.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.9 S\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vonfram trong b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp h\u00e0n laser v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laser<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y b\u1edfi laser trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n. N\u00f3i chung, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean qua, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf qua ph\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng xung quanh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qua ph\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nung ch\u1ea3y qua. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n laser v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng laser c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 sau, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 3.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00f4ng tan ch\u1ea3y qua<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (ph\u00f4i), v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng (H\u00ecnh 3.10 (a)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.10-Schematic-diagram-of-four-penetration-states-of-laser-welding-seam.jpg\" alt=\" Schematic diagram of four penetration states of laser welding seam\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2578\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.10-Schematic-diagram-of-four-penetration-states-of-laser-welding-seam.jpg 800w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.10-Schematic-diagram-of-four-penetration-states-of-laser-welding-seam-500x239.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.10-Schematic-diagram-of-four-penetration-states-of-laser-welding-seam-700x334.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.10-Schematic-diagram-of-four-penetration-states-of-laser-welding-seam-300x143.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Figure-3.10-Schematic-diagram-of-four-penetration-states-of-laser-welding-seam-768x367.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.10 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n laser<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a xuy\u00ean qua ph\u00f4i, v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf xuy\u00ean qua m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u0169ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n cho th\u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1ea3nh mai sau khi h\u00f3a r\u1eafn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh do chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t sau h\u1eb9p (H\u00ecnh 3.10 (b)), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n gi\u00e1p m\u00e9p. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (\u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 xuy\u00ean qua ph\u00f4i. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd phun xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea3y xung quanh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau khi h\u00e0n. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 [H\u00ecnh 3. 10 (c)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xuy\u00ean qua ph\u00f4i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng xung quanh n\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u0169ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng (l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t sau n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i R\u1ed9ng), v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y ra v\u1ebft l\u00f5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady [H\u00ecnh 3. 10 (d)].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ea5u tr\u00ean, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nung v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (xuy\u00ean l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf) l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ea5u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf xuy\u00ean qua ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u0169ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a v\u0169ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, trong khi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh hypebol. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb khi m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft l\u00f5m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1eb7t sau nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n trong h\u00e0n laser<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng laser c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang, h\u00e0n c\u00f3 l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn kh\u00ed, v.v.). S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean H\u00ecnh 3.11. V\u0169ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laze c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa tia laze v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 100 ~ 10000Hz, bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 100 ~ 500Hz, v\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 100-500K.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"362\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/The-formation-of-weld-seam-during-laser-deep-penetration-welding.jpg\" alt=\"The formation of weld seam during laser deep penetration welding\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2579\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/The-formation-of-weld-seam-during-laser-deep-penetration-welding.jpg 800w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/The-formation-of-weld-seam-during-laser-deep-penetration-welding-500x226.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/The-formation-of-weld-seam-during-laser-deep-penetration-welding-700x317.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/The-formation-of-weld-seam-during-laser-deep-penetration-welding-300x136.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/The-formation-of-weld-seam-during-laser-deep-penetration-welding-768x348.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.11 S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng laser<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kim lo\u1ea1i trong b\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf cho ph\u00e9p tia laser b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng laser c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 h\u00f3a h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cho ph\u00e9p duy tr\u00ec l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u1edbn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng laser b\u1eb1ng 1\/10 ~ 1\/3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang, n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u1eafn di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t nhanh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed9i nhanh n\u00ean c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 m\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/3. c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n laser, &quot;Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n.&quot; H\u00e0n laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ga xa, qua c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ba chi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f9m tia \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n ch\u00f9m tia \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u00e0n laser ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n laser kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t m\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laser<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laser<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0n laser l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00f9m tia laser m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n laser, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e0n laser c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tia laser h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao (10<sup>5<\/sup>~10<sup>7<\/sup>W \/ cm<sup>2<\/sup> ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n), v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t nhanh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 h\u00e0n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Do ph\u1ea1m vi gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tia laser nh\u1ecf (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u1ebft nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1mm), n\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf.<\/li><li>Lo\u1ea1n th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch u\u1ed1n cong c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i quang h\u1ecdc, l\u0103ng k\u00ednh, v.v., v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn vi m\u00f4 \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c \u1edf xa. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n.<\/li><li>N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t tia laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft, ph\u1ee7, h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, vv M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li><li>Ch\u00f9m tia laze r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tinh. N\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cao nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim beri trong h\u1ed9p k\u00edn l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh; tia laser kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 h\u00e0n ch\u00f9m tia \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tia X, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/li><li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, th\u1ee7y tinh h\u1eefu c\u01a1, v.v.). V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng laser. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau khi h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So v\u1edbi h\u00e0n ch\u00f9m tia \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laser l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra tia X.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u00e0n laser nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Laser (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 laser li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao) \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a laser c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 25KW v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i h\u00e0n kho\u1ea3ng 20mm, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u00e0n ch\u00f9m tia \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/li><li>C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia laze.<\/li><li>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n quang c\u1ee7a laser th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f9m tia ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 10% \u0111\u1ebfn 20%. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 cao.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u00e0n laser<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n thay th\u1ebf h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed CO<sub>2 <\/sub>h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p cu\u1ed9n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m si\u00eau m\u1ecfng (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 pm), nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0n laser YAG v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n laser. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng Kawasaki c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang h\u00e0n laser trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n xe, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u00ecnh 3.12 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ong c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n toa xe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng laser. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n laser YAG \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng sinh h\u01a1i m\u1ecfng trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Schematic-diagram-of-the-honeycomb-structure-of-the-laser-welded-iron-car-body.png\" alt=\"Schematic diagram of the honeycomb structure of the laser welded iron car body\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2581\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Schematic-diagram-of-the-honeycomb-structure-of-the-laser-welded-iron-car-body.png 600w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Schematic-diagram-of-the-honeycomb-structure-of-the-laser-welded-iron-car-body-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Schematic-diagram-of-the-honeycomb-structure-of-the-laser-welded-iron-car-body-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Schematic-diagram-of-the-honeycomb-structure-of-the-laser-welded-iron-car-body-150x52.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.12 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ong c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng xe s\u1eaft h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng tia laze<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, h\u00e0n laser m\u1ee9c kilowatt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u00e0y nay, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0 Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Volvo \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n m\u00e1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 khung s\u01b0\u1eddn ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, GM, Ford v\u00e0 Chrysler c\u0169ng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0n laser v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00f4ng ty Fiat c\u1ee7a \u00dd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n laser trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p t\u1ea5m. Nissan, Honda v\u00e0 Toyota c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng laser trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00f4i h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng laser tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 70 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc ph\u00f4i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu xe nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Passat, Buick, Audi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu xe kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p h\u00e0n laser b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n \u00f4 t\u00f4 do t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Theo \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao trong ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0n laser \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111a k\u00eanh. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Qu\u1ed1c gia Sandia \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Pratt Whitney \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 d\u00e2y kim lo\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n laser. Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00f9m tia \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Bremen, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia laser h\u00e0n khung th\u00e2n xe b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m. Th\u00eam kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n. D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Mercedes-Benz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n laser \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khung g\u1ea7m, th\u00e2n xe, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, c\u1eeda, khung b\u00ean, v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, khung t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, khoang h\u00e0nh l\u00fd, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c, van thang m\u00e1y C\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thanh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 c\u1eeda. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n laser tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n laser trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay Airbus A330 \/ 340 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n laser. V\u1ecf th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay (h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m 6013-T6) v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn (6013-T6511) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n laser. T\u1ea5m v\u00e1n thay th\u1ebf t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00eam phong c\u00f3 \u0111inh t\u00e1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 15% v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh 15%. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t CO<sub>2<\/sub> laser c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 10KW \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef T c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m (6013, d\u00e0y 2mm) v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn (6013, d\u00e0y 4mm), v\u00e0 th\u00eam d\u00e2y h\u00e0n AISi12, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n l\u00e0 10m \/ t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 4KW, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng 2m, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00e0n laser l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. L\u00f5i t\u1ed5 ong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1ecf do c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n laze \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"886\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Aviation-welding.jpg\" alt=\"Aviation welding\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2584\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Aviation-welding.jpg 886w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Aviation-welding-500x300.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Aviation-welding-700x420.jpg 700w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Aviation-welding-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Aviation-welding-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 886px) 100vw, 886px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3.13 H\u00e0n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n laser c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u00e1y bay. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng CO c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 5KW<sub>2<\/sub> thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0n laser trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 laser tr\u00ean 10KW c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>",
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